1 Introduction

1.1 Scope

Subsea processing technology has been developed and has received a lot of attention for the last decades due to its high potential in terms of oil and gas recovery improvement and CAPEX savings. With the increasing of successful subsea implementation of some technologies (e.g. subsea boosting and fluid separation), the subsea processing now becomes an important tool for field development and subsea architecture.

This document aims (1) at presenting the main technologies and contractors involved in the development of subsea processing and (2) at describing the field experiences and foreseen future applications of these technologies.

This document contents are as follows:

Raw water separation process and field applications (Chapter 3, Water / Hydrocarbon Separation)
Seabed water treatment and injection (Chapter 4, Seabed Water Treatment and Injection)
Gas / liquid separation (Chapter 5, Gas / Liquid SeparationChapter 4, Seabed Water Treatment and Injection)
Gas compression technology development is summarised in Chapter 6, Gas Compression and Subsea BoostingChapter 6, Gas Compression and Subsea Boosting
Subsea pumping technologies, including both liquid pumps (ESP) and multiphase pumps, are presented respectively in Chapter 7, Submersible Pumps and in Chapter 8, Multiphase Pumping Systems
Subsea storage and injection of chemical is presented in Chapter 9, Subsea chemical storage and injection

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1.2 Codes, Standards, Specifications and Reference Documents

1.2.1 Codes & Standards

[1]	RP_17A	Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
[2]	ISO_13628-1	Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems-Part 1: General Requirements and Recommendations
[3]	API_610	Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
[4]	API_RP_11S	Recommended Practice for the Operation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Electric Submersible Pump Installations
[5]	API_RP_11S4	Recommended Practice for Sizing and Selection of Electric Submersible Pump Installations

1.2.2 Deepwater Reference Books

[6]	T084-EN001	Riser Systems
[7]	T084-EN002	Pipeline Systems
[8]	T084-EN003	Subsea Production Systems
[9]	T084-EN004	Umbilicals
[10]	T084-EN005	Subsea Control Systems
[11]	T084-EN006	Deepwater Installation Methods
[12]	T084-EN007	Subsea Connections & Tie-in Methods
[13]	T084-EN008	Deepwater ROV & Tools
[14]	T084-EN009	Offshore Platforms & Floaters and Mooring Systems
[15]	T084-EN010	Field Architectures
[16]	T084-EN011	Subsea Processing and Pumping Systems

1.3 References

This study is based on the following sources

Vendors / Manufacturer published technical data.
Industry publications, conferences papers, e.g. OTC, OMAE
In house technical data and past experience in subsea technology.

1.4 Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the manufacturers and subsea contractors for the provision with courtesy of technical information and photographs of their products.

1.5 Abbreviations

CAPEX: Capital Expenditure
ESP: Electrical Submersible Pump
FPSO: Floating Production Storage and Offloading
GVF: Gas formation Volume Factor
HSP: Hydraulic Subsea (or Submersible) Pump
MPP: Multi-Phase Pump
OMAE: Offshore Mechanics and Artic Engineering
OPEX: Operational Expenditure
OTC: Offshore Technology Conference
PLIM: Pipeline In-Line Manifold
SRINGS^TM: Subsea PRocess and INjection Gear for Seawater
SSAO: Separçao Submarina Agua Oleo
SSBI: Subsea Separation Boosting and Injection
SSU: Subsea Storage Unit
VASPS: Vertical Annular Separation and Pumping System
VSD: Variable Speed Drive
WD: Water Depth
WHFP: Well Head Flowing Pressure

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