List of Figures

2.1. Tie-In Method main interfaces

2.2. Example of vertical tree (Aker Solutions – KAOMBO PVXT)

2.3. Universal Tie-In System (UTIS) termination heads (courtesy of TechnipFMC)

2.4. TOTAL’s KAOMBO Manifold

2.5. UCON-H tie-tools secured into purpose-built deployment basket (TechnipFMC)

2.6. DMAC / ROV based Pull-in and Connection Tool (courtesy of Subsea 7)

2.7. TechnipFMC – UCON-H connection system with associated tie-in tools

3.1. Stabcon KC4-10 ID8 connector with insulation cap (TechnipFMC)

3.2. UCON-H insulated (insulation in white) Termination Head docked onto inboard cradle (TechnipFMC)

3.3. UCON-H tie-in – cross section (TechnipFMC)

3.4. UCON-H KC4 Collet Connector rotational tolerances (TechnipFMC)

3.5. Pressure ratings for KC4.2 connector sizes (TechnipFMC)

3.6. Collet Connector (courtesy of Oil States)

3.7. Details of collets, multibore, alignment pins (courtesy of TechnipFMC)

3.8. Collet connector (CL5000) typical load capacity (courtesy of Oil States)

3.9. Schlumberger (former Cameron) 18 ¾” DWHC and HC collet connector

3.10. Multibore Clamp Connector (clamp and seal plate), by courtesy of Aker Solutions

3.11. Clamp Connector (nowadays design) (Aker Solutions)

3.12. Single bolt clamp connector arrangement (courtesy of Destec)

3.13. Two-Piece McPAC clamp (by courtesy of Schlumberger)

3.14. Freudenberg clamp

3.15. Clamp connector (CL5000) typical load capacity (courtesy of BHGE)

3.16. HCS tie-in system – main components (Aker Solutions)

3.17. HCS tie-in system – Moho HCS-R 12” inboard (left) & outboard (right) (Aker Solutions)

3.18. HCS tie-in system – clamp opened (left) and closed (right) (Aker Solutions)

3.19. HCS tie-in system – Metal To Metal (MtM) TX seal (Aker Solutions)

3.20. Mandrel connectors (by courtesy of TechnipFMC and Dril-Quip)

3.21. H-4 Mandrel connector locked (left picture) – release (right picture) (GE)

3.22. Mandrel connector (Dril-Quip DXe connector)

3.23. Merlin connector (Oil States)

3.24. Standard flange design (API, ANSI)

3.25. Compact flange and seal ring (courtesy of Vector International)

3.26. Compact flange design & tie-in principle (courtesy of Vector International)

3.27. Compact flange vs conventional (ANSI) flange (6" CL2500 welded neck)

3.28. API 6A Welding neck flange Type 6B (left) and 6BX (right)

3.29. API 6A Welding neck flange Type 6B (left) and 6BX (right) shown after make up

3.30. Differences between API SPEC 6A and API SPEC 17D flanges

3.31. API SPEC 6A ring joint gasket types

3.32. API Type BX ring joint gasket

3.33. SBX ring joint gasket

3.34. SRX ring joint gasket

3.35. API SPEC 17D ring joint gasket types

3.36. Girassol 13" 5/8 API 5000 Welding-Neck (WN) flange BX 160

3.37. Girassol 13" 5/8 API 5000 Swivel flange BX 160

3.38. Girassol octagonal gasket SBX 160

4.1. Pull-in and lockdown tool (left) and Universal connection tool (right)

4.2. Pull-In & Connection Tool (PICT), by courtesy of Aker Solutions.

4.3. Universal Tie-In System (UTIS), by courtesy of TechnipFMC

4.4. Exxon Zinc pull-In & connection system (by courtesy of HydroTech)

4.5. ROV-mounted tool Flexconnect II (by courtesy of Technip)

4.6. Flexconnect III porch structure (including guide pin) and SIM engagement

4.7. Stroke-In Module (SIM) articulation

4.8. ROV-mounted tool Rovcon, by courtesy of TechnipFMC

4.9. ROV mounted with DMaC interface skid and pull-in & connection module, by courtesy of Subsea 7

4.10. ROV-operated Tie-in System (RTS), by courtesy of Aker Solutions

4.11. ROV-mounted tool DFCS, by courtesy of Sonsub

4.12. ROV mounted tool Icarus (by courtesy of BHGE)

4.13. ROV mounted tool connection sequence

4.14. Connection as performed by a ROV mounted tool

4.15. TechnipFMC old and new tie-in systems

4.16. UCON-H tie-in system and associated tools (TechnipFMC)

4.17. HCS tie-in system – installation sequence (Aker Solutions)

4.18. HCS tie-in system – ROV tooling (Aker Solutions)

4.19. VCS tie-in system and ROV tooling (Aker Solutions)

4.20. VCS tie-in system – alignment sequence (Aker Solutions)

4.21. VCCS tie-in system (non-insulated version shown) (BHGE)

4.22. MATIS on its skidding system and during launched operation, by courtesy of Acergy (now Subsea 7)

4.23. DeepMATIS Tool main characteristics (Subsea 7)

4.24. DeepMATIS Tool RIS and MLF (Subsea 7)

4.25. Girassol SLED flange catcher (Subsea 7)

4.26. Girassol SLED flange catcher (Subsea 7)

4.27. BRUTUS System (SAIPEM)

4.28. BRUTUS reaction tool and axial force tool (SAIPEM)

5.1. MATIS on its skidding system and during launched operation

5.2. Horizontal rigid (steel) jumper arrangement

5.3. Horizontal Jumper between x-mas tree and manifold (e.g. Girassol, Rosa Lirio, Moho Bilondo)

5.4. Two possible configurations for production well jumpers (top view)

5.5. U-shaped well jumper installation based on supply boat and drilling rig crane (Girassol)

5.6. Z-shaped well jumper installation using construction vessel heavy lifted crane (Girassol)

5.7. U and Z shaped injection well jumpers comparison

5.8. Various vertical connection spool/ jumpers, by courtesy of Schlumberger/ Nexen Petroleum (left - Aspen field, GoM) and FMC (right)

5.9. Vertical ‘M’ shape Spool featuring Horizontal Connector (typical)

5.10. Typical drill centre layout with horizontal spools and jumpers

5.11. Typical drill centre layout with vertical 'M' jumpers and spools.

5.12. Vertical jumper installation (Stab & hinge over method)

5.13. TOTAL Girassol field, rigid steel jumper installation (spreader bar, horizontal connectors)

5.14. Flexible jumper principle

5.15. Flexible jumper fitted with vertical connectors (Aspen field, GoM), by courtesy of Nexen Petroleum

5.16. composite jumper deployed on a subsea pallet (Airborne Oil&Gas)

5.17. composite jumper deployed with two cranes (MAGMA Global)

5.18. Pull-in principle

5.19. Direct pull-in

5.20. Deflect to connect principle

5.21. Vertical Stab and Hinge Over principle

5.22. Lay-away principle, (by courtesy of Petrobras)

5.23. Hybrid steel pipe and flextail principle

7.1. Hot-tapping machine and protective structure (lower part) installed on the Frigg Gas Export Line

7.2. Installation of welding habitat

7.3. Hyperbaric hot-tap welding & assembling process

7.4. Hot tap outline operation

7.5. The HydroTech diverless hot-tap clamp (Oil States)

7.6. Gooseneck Spool and Retrofit Hot-tap Tee (IKM Ocean Design)

7.7. Hot Tap Cutting Unit HCTU used for ORMEN LANGE hot taps (Clear Subsea Well)

7.8. Deepwater Hot Tap Cutting Unit HCTU used for Asgard hot taps

7.9. Subsea 1200RC tapping machine (TDW)

8.1. A typical transponder array

8.2. The pre-measurement tool

8.3. 3D laser spool metrology completed by 2G Robotics for Subsea 7