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Rigid Steel Spools/Jumpers (Section 5.2) | Simple and robust design Flowline expansion (T°, P) absorbed by spool piece Match flowline insulation requirement Replacement of the jumper is possible without any impact on subsea equipment
| Longer overall tie-in operation when considering subsea metrology operation Accurate measurements of connector relative positions Large deck area required (spool/jumper transportation) Weather sensitive operation Two subsea connectors are required per spool/jumper
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Flexible Spools/Jumpers Spur Lines (Section 5.3) | High degree of flexibility for layout Less demanding subsea metrology accuracy Low load transmitted to structures (some rigid spools at riser base spools have been replaced by flexible spools on Girassol to overcome the issue of high loads) Replacement of the jumper is possible without any impact on subsea equipment
| More expensive solution than steel jumper Lower thermal insulation performance versus spool wet insulation or pipe-in-pipe Two subsea connectors are required per jumper
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Thermoplastic Composite Pipe (TCP) Spools/Jumpers (Section 5.4) | High degree of flexibility for layout Different methods of installation available depending on length and size Lightweight & high fatigue resistance Composite pipe is corrosion free Reduced CAPEX and OPEX compared to rigid or flexible solution Better insulation performance
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Flying leads (Section 5.5) | High degree of flexibility for layout Many flying leads can be deployed at the same time on deployment basket or frame In some cases, electrical or optical flying leads can be pre-installed onto jumper or subsea structures
| Some reliability issues encountered with high power connectors Many crossing between flying leads laid on the seabed impending recovery of flying leads Two ROVs required most of the time
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Lay-down and Pull-in (Section 5.6) (Flexible lines and umbilicals) | | High pull-in loads may be necessary Optimum seabed conditions Limitations in flexible line diameter Complexity and size of tools
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Direct Pull-in (Section 5.7) (Rigid and flexible lines and umbilicals) | | High pull-in loads acting on subsea structure First end initiation only Coordination of two vessels
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Deflect-to-Connect (Section 5.8) (Rigid pipelines) | | |
Vertical Stab, Hinge Over and Lay-away (Section 5.9) (Rigid and flexible lines and umbilicals) | | Weather sensitive operation Heave compensation would be required for the rigid flowline First end initiation only
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Surface Tie-in, Lay-to or Lay-away (Section 5.10) (Flexible lines and umbilicals) | Reliability of connections performed in surface Connection tested prior to the installation First end and second end applications
| Only connections to subsea trees are possible: incompatible with subsea arrangement involving manifold which implies more than one connection Simultaneous presence of both laying vessel and drilling rig No possibility to unmake the connection subsea for maintenance purpose (seal change-out or other)
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Hybrid Steel Pipe & Flextail (Section 5.11) | High degree of flexibility Low load transmitted to structure Only one subsea connector is required, e.g. standard flange connection between flowline and flextail.
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